Detailed Takeaways 

Military Operators

• Deep strikes on fuel/logistics nodes: The August attacks on Russian refineries and terminals showed sustained use of low altitude + multiple routes + EW-resistant navigation (INS/EO). Layered C-UAS (multi-band radar + IR search + mobile RF) and passive hardening (fire/secondary-explosion precautions) are critical. [15]
• Cross-border deviation and demonstration effect: The Lithuania/Poland cases point to electronic-warfare drift and provocation risk; positive identification + safe disposal SOPs and NATO coordination should be updated. [16]

Civil Regulators / Operators

• “Airspace-based safety” for over-sea BVLOS: The UK→NO TDA model showed that high altitude and transparent NOTAM/AIP SUP can manage risk; RID/ADS-B visibility and FIR coordination should be planned early. [17]
• Data-driven SORA: Formal encouragement of Copernicus/GHSL standardizes ground-risk calculations; providing repeatable datasets in applications reduces objections.
  EU Agency for the Space Programme [18]
• Strategic framework: AMS Part 3 with UK-SORA’s digital flow provides foresight on document and process alignment for operators planning Europe–UK missions. [19]

Manufacturers & R&D

• Design-for-Compliance (SAIL III/UK-SORA): Design packages producing OSO evidence with test reports + verification matrices (energy management, behavior under loss of control, recording/traceability) create approval-ready product differentiation. [20]
• BVLOS hardware stack: For long-range, over-sea missions, GNSS robustness, link reliability, emergency/RTL logic, and salt-humidity/high-wind resistance are key for marketing and certification. Ground-station/dock stability and RID/ADS-B integration are essential. [21]